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Bernie Whitebear (September 27, 1937 – July 16, 2000〔Reyes 2002, p. 78, 191.〕), birth name Bernard Reyes,〔Reyes 2002, p. 78.〕 was an American Indian activist in Seattle, Washington, a co-founder of the Seattle Indian Health Board (SIHB), the United Indians of All Tribes Foundation, and the Daybreak Star Cultural Center, established on 20 acres of land acquired for urban Indians in the city.〔Reyes 2002, ''passim'', especially p. 186 ''et. seq.''〕 ==Youth== He was born Bernard Reyes to Mary Christian (Sin Aikst, now known as Lakes tribe, one of the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation) and Julian Reyes, a Filipino who largely assimilated to an Indian way of life. Born in the Colville Indian Hospital in Nespelem, Washington, the young Reyes he was named "Bernard" after a maternal great-uncle (brother of his maternal grandmother), Chief James Bernard, a Sin Aikst leader in the early 20th century.〔Reyes 2002, p. 38 ''et. seq.'', 78.〕〔McRoberts 2003 says he was born at Inchelium, Washington; Reyes indicates that is where the family was living at the time, but Reyes 2006 p. 3–4 indicates the hospital birth. Also, McRoberts says he was "one of six children of an Indian mother and Filipino father"; presumably he is including the half-siblings his mother later had with Harry Wong.〕 Around 1970, as Reyes became an activist, he changed his name to honor his mother's father, Alex Christian, known as ''Pic Ah Kelowna'' (White Grizzly Bear).〔Reyes 2002, p. 31 ''et. seq.'', 187.〕 His early childhood was spent largely on the Colville Indian Reservation in Washington. His parents separated in 1939 and subsequently divorced;〔Reyes 2002, p. 90.〕 his mother would later marry Harry Wong, with whom she and Bernie's father had run a Chinese restaurant in 1935-1937, during the construction of the Grand Coulee Dam.〔Reyes 2002, p. p. 74–75, 185, 194.〕 While his older brother Lawney Reyes and sister Luana Reyes went away to attend boarding school, Chemawa Indian School in 1940–1942, Bernard was too young to do so. He lived with foster grandparents, the Halls.〔Reyes 2002, p. 93, 103.〕 For the rest of his childhood and youth, Reyes lived with his father, variously on the Colville Reservation and in Okanogan, Washington,〔Reyes 2002, ''passim''.〕 where he graduated from high school in 1955.〔Reyes 2002, p. 186.〕 Being from a musically inclined family,〔Various mentions in Lawney Reyes's several memoirs, but see especially Reyes 2008, p. 94–102 about his father, sister, and brother performing in vaudeville.〕 Reyes took up the trumpet. He eventually advanced to lead trumpet of the Okanogan High School band.〔Reyes 2006, p. 52.〕 He was popular in his otherwise all-white high school, although some of his classmates' parents didn't approve of them socializing with (or, especially, dating) an Indian.〔Reyes 2006, p. 55–60.〕 After attending one year of classes at the University of Washington, Reyes lived with his mother in Tacoma, Washington for about a year. There he first met, and fished with, Bob Satiacum, another Native American. Drift netting for salmon in Tacoma's Commencement Bay and the rivers that fed into it, they were repeatedly harassed by white sport fishermen and the Coast Guard. In September 1957 Reyes enlisted in the United States Army, where he served in the 101st Airborne Division as a Green Beret paratrooper.〔〔Reyes 2006, p. 61 ''et. seq.''; p. 71 for when he enlisted.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bernie Whitebear」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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